Informed Comment

Thoughts on the Middle East, History, and Religion

Juan Cole is President of the Global Americana Institute

Saturday, September 16, 2006

Pope's Trip to Turkey in Doubt
Protests Grow


Turkish officials are becoming skittish about Pope Benedict XVI's planned November trip to Turkey, an almost entirely Muslim country where feelings have been hurt by the pope's quotation of a medieval Byzantine emperor to the effect that the Prophet Muhammad brought nothing but evil.

Protests grew on Friday, from Muslim clerics, from lay politicians,a nd from Muslim crowds demonstrating. The Pakistani parliament passed a resolution condemning the Pope's remarks. (Since the Pakistani parliament has been fighting Muslim fundamentalists and trying to avoid implementing Islamic law, this was an easy way to stress their Muslim bonafides even as they pursue secular policies). Muslims in Jammu and Kashmir took time out from worrying about the Kashmir issue to protest the Pope. Likewise there were protests by Palestinians in Gaza.

The Vatican continues to decline to apologize, only saying that no offense was meant by the Pope's remarks.

Some commentators have complained about Muslim sensibilities in this regard. But in my view, this sensitivity is a feature of postcolonialism. Muslims were colonized by Western powers, often for centuries, and all that period they were told that their religion was inferior and barbaric. They are independent now, though often they have gained independence only a couple of generations (less if you consider neocolonialism). As independent, they are finally liberated to protest when Westerners put them down.

There is an analogy to African-Americans, who suffered hundreds of years of slavery and then a century of Jim Crow. They are understandably sensitive about white people putting them down, and every time one uses the "n" word, you can expect a strong reaction. In the remarks the pope quoted about Muhammad, he essentially did the equivalent of using the "n" word for Muslims. It is no mystery that people are protesting.

This issue is not going to go away until the Pope comes out and clarifies and apologizes. All he has to do is quote Vatican II on Islam, which is still Catholic doctrine last I knew, and the whole issue would blow over. It will be a huge error if he sticks to his guns.

All he has to do is say he is sorry if it appeared he was slamming Muhammad and Islam, and that this is what the Catholic Church actually feels about the issue:

' The Catholic Church rejects nothing that is true and holy in these religions. She regards with sincere reverence those ways of conduct and of life, those precepts and teachings which, though differing in many aspects from the ones she holds and sets forth, nonetheless often reflect a ray of that Truth which enlightens all men. Indeed, she proclaims, and ever must proclaim Christ, "the way the truth, and the life" (John 14, 6), in whom men may find the fullness of religious life, in whom God has reconciled all things to Himself (4).

The Church therefore, exhorts her sons, that through dialogue and collaboration with the followers of other religions, carried out with prudence and love and in witness to the Christian faith and life, they recognize, preserve and promote the good things, spiritual and moral, as well as the socio-cultural values found among these men.

3. The Church regards with esteem also the Moslems. They adore the one God, living and subsisting in Himself, merciful and all-powerful, the Creator of heaven and earth (5), who has spoken to men; they take pains to submit wholeheartedly to even His inscrutable decrees, just as Abraham, with whom the faith of Islam takes great pleasure in linking itself, submitted to God. Though they do not acknowledge Jesus as God, they revere Him as a prophet. They also honor Mary, His virgin mother; at times they even call on her with devotion. In addition, they await the day of judgement when God will render their deserts to all those who have been raised up from the dead. Finally, they value the moral life and worship God especially through prayer, almsgiving and fasting.

Since in the course of centuries not a few quarrels and hostilities have arisen between Christians and Moslems, this Sacred Synod urges all to forget the past and to work sincerely for mutual understanding and to preserve as well as to promote together for the benefit of all mankind social justice and moral welfare, as well as peace and freedom. '




Since it is Catholic doctrine, there is nothing wrong with repeating it to the Muslims now, and the whole thing would immediately blow over.

17 Comments:

At 1:43 PM, Blogger Tom said...

The Church has demonstrated again and again the nimbleness required to speak out of both sides of the mouth at the same time.

 
At 1:46 PM, Blogger dg said...

Yeah, these feelings of anger must be caused by colonialism, or cultural imperialism, or Charlemagne or something. Except that Turkey was never colonized by a non-Muslim power since Mohammed, unless you count Attaturk.

 
At 3:10 PM, Blogger John Francis Lee said...

the pope's quotation of a medieval Byzantine emperor to the effect that the Prophet Muhammad brought nothing but evil.

For the pope even to have brought this up is ridiculous. Instead of finding motes in the eyes of his neighbors he might have reflected on the whole series of wars, the crusades, brought about directly by his predecessors.

This is ridiculous. This pope is a reactionary.

For the chancellor of Germany to defend him is even more surreal.

 
At 4:07 PM, Blogger Paulk said...

iWhile I agree that this reaffirmation would make considerable strides toward mollifying the situation, I wonder if your final pronouncement that "this will all blow over" is overly optimistic.

Someone must be helping to stoke these fires on the Muslim street because I'd doubt most people knew who this particular Pope was or the full measure of his comments out of hand. As we see here in the U.S., those whose currency is hatred and division need these antagonists (and Benedict has conveniently and foolishly given them one).

Also, wouldn't a reaffirmation of church doctrine, rather than his personal views, be taken, at least in part, as insincere?

 
At 4:08 PM, Blogger Paulk said...

While I agree that this reaffirmation would make considerable strides toward mollifying the situation, I wonder if your final pronouncement that "this will all blow over" is overly optimistic.

Someone must be helping to stoke these fires on the Muslim street because I'd doubt most people knew who this particular Pope was or the full measure of his comments out of hand. As we see here in the U.S., those whose currency is hatred and division need these antagonists (and Benedict has conveniently and foolishly given them one).

Also, wouldn't a reaffirmation of church doctrine, rather than his personal views, be taken, at least in part, as insincere?

 
At 7:25 PM, Blogger HalalChickenNugget said...

I do not see why Muslim protests are always viewed as the result of someone "stoking the fire" or egging them on, as if the choice to protest and at what level to protest could never come from themselves. Their Prophet has been called a warmongerer. For those who think that Muslims love war and hate, these protests against a quote to the effect that Muhammad was a war-like individual, should be a good sign for those people that Muslims take this as a slight.

Having read the full text, I must say, it was rather academic, although the quote seems anything but. It discusses the 14th century emperor having a debate with a Persian about the religions. I think its quite clear that the "Persian" represents the Muslims. What I think is more insulting than the quote, is how he uses this historical encounter to relate how Christians believe in the Greek concepts of "logos" and reason, whereas Muslims believe in a transcendent, impersonal God who, as he quotes from Ibn Hazm, is not even bound by the obligations He makes on himself.

At the end of the speech, he calls for dialogue, BUT he says that the "partner" in this dialogue should be called to reason and logos.

Thus I am left with the impression at the end that the Catholics are rational, the Muslims irrational people who worship an utterly impersonal God. In a sense, it reaffirms commonly held fears about Muslims, albeit in academic lingo.

 
At 7:26 PM, Blogger HalalChickenNugget said...

I do not see why Muslim protests are always viewed as the result of someone "stoking the fire" or egging them on, as if the choice to protest and at what level to protest could never come from themselves. Their Prophet has been called a warmongerer. For those who think that Muslims love war and hate, these protests against a quote to the effect that Muhammad was a war-like individual, should be a good sign for those people that Muslims take this as a slight.

Having read the full text, I must say, it was rather academic, although the quote seems anything but. It discusses the 14th century emperor having a debate with a Persian about the religions. I think its quite clear that the "Persian" represents the Muslims. What I think is more insulting than the quote, is how he uses this historical encounter to relate how Christians believe in the Greek concepts of "logos" and reason, whereas Muslims believe in a transcendent, impersonal God who, as he quotes from Ibn Hazm, is not even bound by the obligations He makes on himself.

At the end of the speech, he calls for dialogue, BUT he says that the "partner" in this dialogue should be called to reason and logos.

Thus I am left with the impression at the end that the Catholics are rational, the Muslims irrational people who worship an utterly impersonal God. In a sense, it reaffirms commonly held fears about Muslims, albeit in academic lingo.

 
At 9:37 PM, Blogger copy editor said...

Yes, you are exceedingly optimistic.

The Pope should not have quoted the "sword" remarks, yet his point on violent conversion was a valid one. Just last week, there was a tape issued from al Qaeda asking the citizens of the United States convert to Islam. It was, clearly, an attempt (a cynical attempt) at conversion in faith through violence.

Organizations such as the Muslim Brotherhood should denounce (or in their case reaffirm their stance on nonviolence) violence for religious motives. The Pope is no political master and his comments could have been better presented. But, these protests are absurd.

I look forward to Christopher Hitchens take on the Pope's speech.

 
At 9:47 PM, Blogger Billmon said...

"All he has to do is quote Vatican II on Islam"

Expecting THIS pontiff to do that is almost like expecting the Grand Mufti off Jerusalem to read from the Torah.

I suspected Ratzinger would be a disaster as pope if he lived long enough. I guess he decided to get an early start.

 
At 10:44 PM, Blogger RepubAnon said...

When radicals are trying to claim the West is engaged in another Crusade against Islam, it is really stupid for head of the organization who instigated the Crusades to give those radicals sound bites confirming their worst fears.

I also find it interesting that the Pope didn't mention, say, Northern Ireland.

The most patronizing aspect of this whole affair, though, are the people claiming that the Muslims are "over-reacting." It reminds me of the folks who make insulting race/creed/ethnic slurs and then claim their critics are just being "politically correct." (The usual line is: "We have deeply held beliefs, which we have every right to express forcefully. Our opponents, however, are not sincere in their criticisms and are just being 'politically correct.'")

 
At 2:00 AM, Blogger Phoenix Woman said...

When radicals are trying to claim the West is engaged in another Crusade against Islam, it is really stupid for head of the organization who instigated the Crusades to give those radicals sound bites confirming their worst fears.

He's not alone: As Doug Muder points out, Bush habitually refers to his actions against Iraq as a "Crusade". Every single Muslim the world over, but especially in the Middle East, knows what a "Crusade" is: Christians kill you and steal your land. (Which is a pretty accurate summing-up of the Crusades.)

And I very much doubt that Ratzinger will back down. He was elected by Opus Dei precisely because they wanted someone who would be John Bolton in drag and irritate the non-white majorities of the world. Go read his statements about wanting to have a smaller, purer RC Church rather than allow women to have sex without kids, or to divorce their husbands. At least John Paul II knew enough to hide his conservatism behind a smile.

 
At 2:43 AM, Blogger johnMccutchen said...

The Bishop of Rome took Juan's advice, but I am not sure it is sufficient.


The most recent Vatican Statement reaffirms Nostra Aetate quoting the concilliar text as did Dr. Cole

 
At 2:47 AM, Blogger John Francis Lee said...

Thanks to Chris Conrad who posted the link to the Pope's text in his comment on Al Jazeera.

The most offensive part of this speech is what follows the point quoted, and this Pope's attempts to link the Christian religion with reason and Islam with unreason.

For the emperor, as a Byzantine shaped by Greek philosophy, this statement is self-evident. But for Muslim teaching, God is absolutely transcendent. His will is not bound up with any of our categories, even that of rationality. Here Khoury quotes a work of the noted French Islamist R. Arnaldez, who points out that Ibn Hazn went so far as to state that God is not bound even by his own word, and that nothing would oblige him to reveal the truth to us. Were it God's will, we would even have to practise idolatry.

As an American I need only to point to the Xtian 'Taleban', a major power in the cabal that has seized power in my country, to demonstrate that Christianity is every bit as liable to be used as the unreasoning goad to war and intolerance as any other religion.

Rather than quoting a Byzantine emperor's opinion of Islam, Benedict XVI would have done better to have quoted, and denounced, Pope Urban II's call for Jihad against Islam :

"I say this to those who are present, it meant also for those who are absent. Moreover, Christ commands it. All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of God with which I am invested. O what a disgrace if such a despised and base race, which worships demons, should conquer a people which has the faith of omnipotent God and is made glorious with the name of Christ!"

 
At 3:27 AM, Blogger Leonard Koscianski said...

Pope Benedict is a very thoughtful speaker. If one reads the full text of his remarks, it is obvious that the protesters do not understand his remarks and are overreacting.

Unfortunately the overreaction may help galvanize anti-Muslim attitudes in the West. This incident reminds me of the Western misinterpretation of the "wipe Israel off the face of the earth" remark by the president of Iran.

 
At 4:39 AM, Blogger sherm said...

This is a pleasant time to be an athiest.

 
At 7:10 AM, Blogger daryoush said...

Juan,

It is interesting to compare Pope's view of the world and that of former Iranian President, and Islamic Scholar, Khatami.

http://perlustration.blogspot.com/2006/09/fundamental-difference-between.html

 
At 12:09 PM, Blogger Arun said...

I hope people are just as angry at the desecration implicit in the name "Jaish-e-Muhammad", which is a Pakistan based terrorist group, responsible for a string of bloody attacks.

 

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