I love your analysis. I disagree only about the name "Allah" deriving from "Elohim," not "El." You are right, of course, that Allah is a contraction of "El-Ilah," where "Ilah" ("god") is from the same Semitic root as Hebrew "Eloah" ("god") -- so much is settled philologically and widely accepted by Muslim teachers. But the "El" of "El-Ilah" (Allah) is not, in my view, the Arabic definite article "the." For example, the "El" is absolutely never separated from the "Ilah," even in contexts when a definite article makes no sense grammatically. In addition, even when Muslims pray in vernacular languages, the name Allah is absolutely never translated as "The God" -- it is always treated as a holy name of God that cannot be translated, not as a descriptive phrase (compare the use of Hashem as a name of God in Jewish circles -- no one, I think, would argue that Hashem is a holy name that cannot be translated). Finally, all Muslims would, I think, agree that they worship the God of Abraham (it would be a very odd form of Islam that did not believe this). Muslims also respect much of Hebrew scripture, and the Torah makes clear that Abraham's god was El or El Shaddai. (See Genesis 14:18; Exodus 6:3.) The Torah uses the descriptive term "Elohim" as a reference to the "70 sons of El," a pantheon that derives from Canaanite religion. In Ugaritic texts, the "70 sons of El" were referred to with the Ugaritic cognate of Elohim.
I love your analysis. I disagree only about the name "Allah" deriving from "Elohim," not "El." You are right, of course, that Allah is a contraction of "El-Ilah," where "Ilah" ("god") is from the same Semitic root as Hebrew "Eloah" ("god") -- so much is settled philologically and widely accepted by Muslim teachers. But the "El" of "El-Ilah" (Allah) is not, in my view, the Arabic definite article "the." For example, the "El" is absolutely never separated from the "Ilah," even in contexts when a definite article makes no sense grammatically. In addition, even when Muslims pray in vernacular languages, the name Allah is absolutely never translated as "The God" -- it is always treated as a holy name of God that cannot be translated, not as a descriptive phrase (compare the use of Hashem as a name of God in Jewish circles -- no one, I think, would argue that Hashem is a holy name that cannot be translated). Finally, all Muslims would, I think, agree that they worship the God of Abraham (it would be a very odd form of Islam that did not believe this). Muslims also respect much of Hebrew scripture, and the Torah makes clear that Abraham's god was El or El Shaddai. (See Genesis 14:18; Exodus 6:3.) The Torah uses the descriptive term "Elohim" as a reference to the "70 sons of El," a pantheon that derives from Canaanite religion. In Ugaritic texts, the "70 sons of El" were referred to with the Ugaritic cognate of Elohim.