Professor Cole: Interesting and amusing. But a detail on the point of tea. His Late Majesty King George III was not endeavoring to tax tea solely in the American colonies, but throughout the Empire. By the end of the 18th century, the excise on tea represented a large proportion of the entire governmental budget. The excise, of course, encouraged smuggling, thus evading the payment due to the Exchequer. It is estimated that as much as 50 per cent. of the tea consumed in England at the time was probably smuggled into the country.
Therefore, the American colonies were not being singled out to pay a "tax" that other colonies were free from, nor were the tea drinkers in England free from the same tax. Indeed, by the 1770s, huge quantities of tea were being drunk in the 13 colonies. The issue for those tea drinkers was more that of representation than taxation, even if many of them believed that only they were required to pay the excise on tea (all of which, incidentally, was grown and processed in China).
The head of the Military Council is Field Marshal Tantawi, i.e. equivalent to a "5-star" general. An "Air Marshal" is the air force equivalent of a lieutenant general, a 3-star rank. Tantawi is Egypt's most senior army officer.
Eloquently put! The US, and the West generally, should be warmer in support of India as a natural counterweight to China, but to be belligerent towards Pakistan, with or without stronger ties to India, would be the policy of a complete fool.
Indeed. As I said "The issue for those [American colonists] was more that of representation [i.e. in Parliament, as Burke urged] than taxation".
Professor Cole: Interesting and amusing. But a detail on the point of tea. His Late Majesty King George III was not endeavoring to tax tea solely in the American colonies, but throughout the Empire. By the end of the 18th century, the excise on tea represented a large proportion of the entire governmental budget. The excise, of course, encouraged smuggling, thus evading the payment due to the Exchequer. It is estimated that as much as 50 per cent. of the tea consumed in England at the time was probably smuggled into the country.
Therefore, the American colonies were not being singled out to pay a "tax" that other colonies were free from, nor were the tea drinkers in England free from the same tax. Indeed, by the 1770s, huge quantities of tea were being drunk in the 13 colonies. The issue for those tea drinkers was more that of representation than taxation, even if many of them believed that only they were required to pay the excise on tea (all of which, incidentally, was grown and processed in China).
The head of the Military Council is Field Marshal Tantawi, i.e. equivalent to a "5-star" general. An "Air Marshal" is the air force equivalent of a lieutenant general, a 3-star rank. Tantawi is Egypt's most senior army officer.
Eloquently put! The US, and the West generally, should be warmer in support of India as a natural counterweight to China, but to be belligerent towards Pakistan, with or without stronger ties to India, would be the policy of a complete fool.